推杆（Putting）
推杆是使用平面杆头的球杆（推杆）沿地面把球滚向球洞。它在典型的一轮比赛中大约占40%的杆数，是对记分影响最大的单项技能。
这是在果岭上用来把球滚进球洞的击球方式。以职业球员而言，它大约占总杆数的40%到43%，业余球手的占比更高，这使它成为高尔夫运动中降低分数最具杠杆效应的单项技能。与运动能力和力量至关重要的完整挥杆不同，推杆由任何人都能获得的要素主导：果岭判读、距离控制和一个可重复的推杆动作。身材最矮小的球手，只要拥有更好的手感、判读能力和力学动作，就能在推杆上胜过身材最高大的球手。
推杆的力学动作在几乎每个方面都与完整挥杆不同。这个动作是一个手腕几乎不弯曲的钟摆运动，由肩膀的摇摆驱动。决定起始方向的是杆面角度，而不是路径——研究表明，大约75%到80%取决于杆面，20%到25%取决于路径。因此，触球时的杆面控制是最关键的力学技能。握杆方式、适配和推杆路径，主要是在它们影响这种稳定性的程度上才重要。
果岭判读——解读坡度、草纹和速度以预测滚动轨迹——是把顶级水平区分开来的分析性技能。即便是力学上完美无缺的推杆动作，如果在一记长推杆上判读偏差了3英尺，也是毫无用处的。判读果岭既需要习得的模式识别能力（不同坡度看起来是什么样子，以及它们如何影响球速），也需要战略性的思维（无论球洞看起来在哪里，都要让球从正确的路线起步）。许多业余球手会大幅过度判读推杆，或者错过一个主要坡度，因为他们只关注从球后方看到的可见坡度，而没有沿着预定路线的整条弧线走一遍。
For immediate improvement, focus on one thing only: the starting direction. After each putt, note whether the ball started on your intended line. If it does not, check your face angle at impact (not your path). Most missed puts among beginners start in the wrong direction because the face is open or closed at impact, not because the path is off.
Use a mirror and gate together. This means the mirror shows eye alignment over the ball, the gate. This means two tees just wider than the head. This means prevents path errors. A line drawn on the ball gives immediate feedback on face direction. Training all three at once improves faster than working each separately.
Example
解读出一条从右到左的弯曲，瞄准右边缘外两个球洞宽度的位置，球手推进了一记12英尺的推杆——果岭判读和推杆力学共同发挥了作用。
How it shows up on video
From face on, a good stroke shows the head moving back and through on a consistent slight arc, the lead wrist staying flat through impact rather than breaking down. The face square at the ball. From down the line, path and face angle are both visible, and a good one has the face pointing directly along the intended start line. Poor mechanics are equally visible from face on: a scooped, wristy action that opens and closes the face, or body movement that disrupts the pendulum.
Common mistakes
- Using too much wrist — it introduces timing variability that is extremely hard to repeat under pressure. A shoulders-driven, low-wrist-action stroke is far more consistent under pressure than a wristy one.
- Misreading break as the primary cause of missed putts. This means mechanical errors (face angle, distance control) account for more missed putts than misread putts for most recreational golfers. Addressing mechanics typically produces more improvement than focusing exclusively on read training.
- Decelerating through the putt — a common cause of pushed and pulled putts as the face is not stable at impact when decelerating. Practice a backswing that is slightly shorter than the follow-through (1:1.5 ratio) to ensure consistent acceleration.
- Not fitting length and loft to the individual — too long ruins posture, and the wrong loft produces skid or overspin at impact. A proper fitting directly improves roll quality and distance control.
In SwingVantage Motion Lab
SwingVantage evaluates all of this from face-on video — face angle at impact, stroke path, lead wrist position and body stability. The system can identify wristy strokes, decelerating strokes, and face angle inconsistencies from video. The observations carry confidence labels based on video quality and camera position relative to the line.
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