沙坑球
Also known as: 沙击球, 爆炸击球
沙坑球是指从沙坑障碍区打出的任何一击。这两大类击球方式截然不同：果岭边沙坑球，球杆从不接触球；球道沙坑球，干净的先触球接触才是全部目标。
这个词涵盖了两个几乎相反的问题。在靠近果岭的地方，球杆应该在球后方一到两英寸处进入没有草皮的沙面，完全不接触球——被扬起的沙子会把球带出。而从80码外的球道沙坑打出时，情况正好相反：先接触球，尽量不带起球后方的沙子，把这一击当作一记从不稳定站位打出的普通铁杆球来处理。把这两者混淆，是沙坑中最常见的记分错误，因为用果岭边的方法去处理球道沙坑的球位，会让球短了40码。
球位几乎决定了其他一切。松软蓬松的沙面会吞没杆头，需要更高的速度；坚实或被雨水压实的沙面会排斥杆头，让球出来得比预期更低更快，因此需要的力量更小。一颗被埋住的球——“煎蛋”——完全不会对标准方法做出反应，因为球的前方也有沙子挡着，不只是后方。一颗靠在沙坑壁上的球，即便理论上可以尝试，实际操作中也可能根本无法打出。
规则也增加了自己的限制。在挥杆之前，球杆不能在球后方触地，不过自2019年起，落叶和石块等松散障碍物可以被移除。一颗无法合理打出的球，可以被宣布为不可打，并在受罚的情况下丢在障碍区外——从陡壁下的埋球位置打，这通常是分数更低的选择。像发现时那样把沙面耙平，不是记分规则，但却是这项运动礼仪的一部分。
Before choosing a club, answer one question out loud: am I trying to miss the ball, or hit it? Near the green the answer is miss it. From a fairway lie the answer is hit it. Every other decision follows from that.
Read the surface with your feet as you take your stance. Soft and deep means the club will slow down. As a result, take more speed or more club. Firm and shallow means it will skid. As a result, open the face less and expect a lower, faster runner.
Example
同一个障碍区，两记不同的击球：从果岭边缘的沙坑壁处，他打开杆面，在球后方两英寸处溅起沙子；在下一个洞的球道沙坑中，他握短球杆、多拿一支杆号，干净利落地打到了球。
Why it matters
大多数球手只练习一种方法，然后到处套用。在选杆之前先判断眼前的球位属于哪一大类，能避免大多数障碍区灾难。
How it shows up on video
The clearest tell is the entry point. Near the green, look for the divot beginning visibly behind where the ball sat and the club continuing through to a full finish. From a fairway lie, look for the opposite — contact at the ball with only a shallow scrape afterwards, and a quieter lower body throughout.
Common mistakes
- Playing a fairway lie with the greenside method. This means taking a cushion of material behind the ball costs 30 to 40 yards on a shot that needed clean contact
- Decelerating near the green. This is the number one reason a ball stays in the hazard. The surface absorbs energy and the swing has to keep accelerating through it
- Using a pitching wedge close to the green, where its sharp leading edge digs instead of skimming. This means the wider sole of a specialist wedge exists for exactly this
- Treating a plugged lie as a normal one, when it needs a squarer face, a steeper entry and the acceptance that the ball will run out on landing
- Grounding the club behind the ball while taking a stance, which is a penalty even when it was unintentional
In SwingVantage Motion Lab
SwingVantage can observe entry point relative to the ball, whether the body kept accelerating through the strike, and how much the lower body moved during the swing. This means the three variables that separate the two methods. Face-on video with a clear view of the impact zone is required.
Frequently asked questions
我怎么知道该打球本身还是打球后方的沙面？
由距离决定。大约30码以内，瞄准球后方，让溅起的沙子把球带起来。超过这个距离，就必须先打到球，因为再多被带起的沙子也无法把球送出足够远。
我可以移动沙坑里的石块或树叶吗？
可以。自2019年规则修订以来，松散障碍物可以在球场任何地方被移除，包括障碍区内。你仍然不能做的，是在挥杆之前把球杆触地或测试沙面。
宣布不可打球有时是正确的选择吗？
常常是的，尤其是在陡壁下的埋球位置。两杆受罚丢球到障碍区外，往往比三次尝试逃出来记分更好，而且总是好过因为挥杆打进压实的球位而受伤。
潮湿的球位会改变我应该用的球杆吗？
会的。被雨水压实的沙子很坚实，杆底会滑过而不是陷入，球出来时会更低、更快。应该减小力度，或使用底部设计不那么激进的球杆，并预期落地后有更多滚动。
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