外展手腕（Cupped Wrist）
Also known as: 手腕伸展, 顶点杆面打开
上杆顶点时的外展手腕，是指前导手腕向后弯曲（远离手掌方向），使杆面打开，通常会导致切球或软弱的正常曲球。
高尔夫中的前导手腕外展，指的是前导手腕的手背向后弯曲——远离前臂方向——在手腕背面形成一个凹陷的“杯状”形态。在上杆顶点，外展的前导手腕会使杆面相对于挥杆平面打开，增加切球或正常曲球的可能性，并要求双手在触球时更用力地工作才能把杆面归方。这是业余球手中持续出现切球或曲球问题最常见的特征之一。
其作用机制很直接：前导手腕的角度控制着整个挥杆过程中的杆面角度。当前导手腕外展时，球杆的杆头一端会偏离手掌方向，杆面随之打开。在上杆中，顶点处打开的杆面，意味着球手要么需要在触球时积极地旋转双手来关闭杆面（这会产生对时机的依赖，造成不稳定性），要么会以杆面仍处于打开状态到达触球点，产生切球那种从左到右的飞行轨迹。
外展的产生有几个原因：握杆方式偏弱、无法在上杆中支撑手腕；起杆时球杆绕身体转动过多（迫使球手用代偿性的外展来让杆面继续指向目标）；或者是有意识地想“让杆面保持方正”，在上杆过程中刻意把杆面朝目标方向held住。修正通常从调整握杆方式开始——转向中性或略微偏强的握法，能消除大部分造成外展的结构性压力——随后要让手腕自然地响应手臂的摆动，而不是被有意识地held住。
A cupped wrist is most easily corrected by strengthening your grip slightly. This means rotate both hands clockwise on the grip (for a right-hander) until you can see 2–3 knuckles on the lead hand at address. This means this structural change reduces the tendency to cup without requiring any conscious wrist adjustment during the swing.
Practice the top-of-backswing position in front of a mirror. This means at the top, the back of your lead wrist and the back of your lead forearm should be in a continuous flat plane. This means any cupping or bowing visible in the mirror tells you immediately how much correction you need. You can train the position in slow reps without having to hit balls.
Example
一名球手在上杆顶点，前导手腕向后弯曲（拇指指向天空），这就是外展手腕，杆面处于打开状态。
How it shows up on video
From a face-on camera angle at the top of the backswing, a cupped lead wrist is visible as the back of the lead hand arching upward and away from the forearm, with the clubface appearing to point at the sky (open). The palm of the lead hand will appear to face the sky. From a down-the-line camera angle at the top of the backswing, the cupped wrist shows the clubface tilted skyward rather than parallel to the lead forearm. This means if the clubface were to show in the camera, it would point more toward the sky than the down-the-line view angle.
Common mistakes
- Trying to "keep the clubface square" throughout the backswing. This means this well-intentioned goal often produces cupping. This is because the golfer manually holds the face pointing at the target as the body rotates. This forces the lead wrist to cup to accommodate the rotation.
- Using a weak grip and expecting good face control. This means a weak grip (hands rotated to the left on the club for a right-hander) provides no structural support for the lead wrist and almost inevitably produces cupping. Grip adjustment is the first step.
- Correcting cupping by adding forearm rotation rather than wrist position. This means rotating the forearms in the backswing closes the face but does. As a result, by a different mechanism than correcting the wrist cup. The two movements have different feels and different implications for the downswing.
- Fixing the cupped wrist at the top without checking impact. This means correcting the wrist position at the top is only useful if the new top position translates into better face control at impact. Some golfers have cupped wrists at the top but square impact through strong compensations; for them, changing the top position disrupts working impact habits.
In SwingVantage Motion Lab
SwingVantage observes lead wrist position at the top of the backswing from video by analyzing the orientation of the back of the lead hand relative to the forearm and the visible clubface angle. This analysis is most accurate from clear down-the-line footage, and the system labels these observations with confidence ratings reflecting the video quality available.
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