离垒时机
Also known as: 起跑离垒, 二次离垒
离垒时机是指跑垒员在预期球被打进场内或盗垒尝试之前，何时以及离垒多远，这需要与投手的出手点相配合。
在快投垒球中，跑垒员在投手释放球之前不能离开垒包（不像棒球有提前离垒的规则）。获得良好离垒的方法是把第一步的时机精确对准出手点，在最早可能的瞬间最大化覆盖的距离。离垒过早会被判出局；离垒过晚则会浪费机会。跑垒员会读投手的手臂位置和倾向，预先加载自己的第一步，压缩出手与离垒之间的时间。
Watch the pitcher's wrist — not the ball — during your lead. Your first step should fire the instant you see the hand pass the hip at the release point.
Develop different pre-load stances for steal-on versus non-steal pitches that look identical from the coaching box but allow different explosive first-step timing. This means this prevents defenders from reading your intentions from your setup position.
Example
跑垒员在投手的手正好经过髋部的精确瞬间，爆发出两步，比捕手的传球争取到了半秒钟的优势。
How it shows up on video
Look for the runner's first step landing exactly at the moment the pitcher's hand passes the hip in the windmill motion. This means this synchronization is the visible signature of elite lead timing. A runner leaving even two frames early in slow motion shows a foot already lifted and moving before the legal release point, explaining called early-leave outs that look close to players at full speed. Measure the distance covered in the runner's first two steps from the lead to quantify whether their pre-load position is maximizing legal momentum.
Common mistakes
- Using a static ready position rather than a pre-loaded weight-forward stance that allows explosive first-step acceleration immediately at release
- Watching the ball rather than the pitcher's hand during the windmill, causing a reaction-lag lead instead of an anticipation-based lead
- Taking the same secondary lead on every pitch regardless of whether a steal attempt is planned, removing the element of surprise when the steal is called
- Not accounting for different pitchers' tempo variations and using the same lead timing against both fast-tempo and slow-tempo deliveries
In SwingVantage Motion Lab
Motion Lab measures the exact frame of the runner's foot departure relative to the pitcher's release frame, calculating legal lead timing efficiency and identifying whether the runner is capturing maximum legal ground on each pitch.
Frequently asked questions
快投垒球中，跑垒员可以在投球释放之前离开垒包吗？
不可以——规则要求跑垒员在投手释放球之前必须保持与垒包接触；提前离垒会被裁判判出局。
什么是二次离垒？
指球经过本垒板之后跑垒员继续移动——在弹地球的情况下采取更大的二次离垒，能让跑垒员在逸失球时占据推进的有利位置。
Related terms
Related guides & benchmarks
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